Indo-U.S. interim trade deal looks like ‘pre-committed purchase agreement’: Tharoor

The India-U.S. interim trade deal looks more like a “pre-committed purchase agreement” that overturns every principle of reciprocity, Congress MP Shashi Tharoor said on Tuesday (February 10, 2026) and slammed Union Ministers S. Jaishankar and Piyush Goyal for playing “ping pong” when questions are posed.

India-U.S. trade deal updates

Initiating a debate in the Lok Sabha on the Union Budget, Mr. Tharoor said the government’s claim that India has secured a “better deal” than China, Vietnam, or other Asian economies does not withstand scrutiny.

“While India may have obtained tariff reductions of one or two percentage points, no East Asian economy has agreed to deliberately dilute its trade surplus with the United States through guaranteed purchase commitments,” he said.

The Congress MP from Thiruvananthapuram asked how one could speak of a “reciprocal tariff” of 18% on one side and 0% on the other. “It looks less like a free trade arrangement and more like a pre-committed purchase agreement that overturns every principle of reciprocity,” he said.

At a time when India’s total bilateral trade with the U.S. stands at roughly $130 billion and a trade surplus of nearly $45 billion, the government has surprisingly promised to buy $500 billion worth of American goods over five years, he said.

Mr. Tharoor argued that this effectively converts a surplus into a long-term deficit by executive assurance rather than by market demand.

“No major economy has ever neutralised its own trade leverage in this manner. While the U.S. continues to impose import tariffs of up to 18% on Indian exports, we have committed ourselves to lower tariffs to near-zero levels, open agriculture, dilute data localisation, soften intellectual-property safeguards, and even redirect strategic energy imports, especially away from Russia, to meet purchase targets.

“This is not strategic balancing; it is economic pre-emption,” the Congress MP said.

He said the Parliament has neither been told how farmers, MSMEs, and the domestic industry will be protected nor why India has “voluntarily surrendered” its negotiating power without securing proportional market access or policy space in return.

“I know the government will say wait for the final agreement, it is coming in mid-March, but let them be aware that these concerns exist right now,” he said.

“The government’s claim that India has secured a ‘better deal’ than China, Vietnam, or other Asian economies does not withstand scrutiny. While India has obtained tariff reductions of one or two percentage points as compared to them, no East Asian economy has agreed to deliberately dilute its trade surplus with the United States through guaranteed purchase commitments,” he said.

On the contrary, China, Vietnam, and several ASEAN countries have actually expanded their trade surpluses with the U.S., even amid heightened trade tensions, Mr. Tharoor said.

“This ambiguity has a direct bearing on the credibility of the budget itself. When both the Minister of Commerce and Industry and the Minister of External Affairs were questioned on these commitments, they offered no clear explanation of their scale, timeline, or fiscal implications.

“The reason I mention this in the context of the Budget is that key budgetary assumptions, on trade balances, external financing needs, and overall macroeconomic stability, rest on information that Parliament does not possess and has not been given,” he said.

A Budget framed amid such uncertainty is not just incomplete, but it asks this House to approve numbers without knowing the obligations that may soon overtake them from this trade agreement, Mr. Tharoor said.

“When the two Ministers play ping pong with each other, saying it is not in their mandate to answer the questions, each one attributes it to the other,” he said in an apparent swipe at Mr. Jaishankar and Mr. Goyal.

“That looks like a rather disappointing game, as when no Minister claims ownership of something like this, accountability disappears and Parliament is left staring at a Budget that conceals obligations that the government seems to lack the courage to admit openly,” he said.

Last week, India and the U.S. announced in a joint statement the framework for an Interim Agreement regarding reciprocal and mutually beneficial trade. Under this, the U.S. has agreed to reduce the 25% reciprocal tariffs on Indian goods to 18%.

It has already eliminated the punitive 25% tariff on India, which was imposed in August last year for purchasing Russian crude.

The Congress has alleged that the interim Indo-U.S. trade pact is “not a deal but a surrender” of the country’s self-esteem and interests, and is a betrayal of India and its people.

Published – February 10, 2026 05:39 pm IST